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September 25, 2006

Let's Discuss Motherless Brooklyn

The thing that originally drew me to Jonathan Lethem's Motherless Brooklyn was Amazon's editorial review.

Pop quiz. Please complete the following sentence: "There are days when I get up in the morning and stagger into the bathroom and begin running water and then I look up and I don't even recognize my own _." If you answered face, then your name is obviously not Jonathan Lethem. Instead of taking the easy out, the genre-busting novelist concludes this by-the-numbers string of words with toothbrush in the mirror.

Throughout the novel, Lethem has a way of taking a cliché and twisting it into something unexpected. Not conincidentally, Lionel Essrog, the main character, spews out twisted language in releasing his Tourette's Syndrome tics.

The Unexpected

From the beginning, the novel reveals itself to be a a series of contrasts. It opens with a stakeout, a situation requiring stealth and cunning. Neither are present. Lionel, Touretting lines like "Eat me Mister Dicky-weed!" (p. 15), is most definitely not an exemplar of stealth. Yet Lionel isn't the only contributor to the situation gone bad. Coney, as the stakeout turns into a tail, loses the E-Z Pass—"Eatmepass!" (p. 19)—toting target car by waiting in line at the cash booth. Despite the Keystone Cops set-up, I took the entire book seriously and never thought of it as a comedy even though comedic elements dotted the narrative. And that surprised me. Shouldn't a mystery starring a detective with Tourette's be funny? Did you come across anything you didn't expect?

Tourette's Syndrome

We've all been in uncomfortable situations. I'm reminded of a subway ride with a homeless man who was having some sort of itch attack. He sat in his seat moaning and grunting and scratching. When the itchiness spread to his thighs, he actually pulled his pants down in order to scratch more effectively. The other riders and I put on our blinders, inconspicuously moved to the end of the car, and were thankful when the train arrived at our respective stops. Lionel tells the reader, "A Touretter can also be the invisible man" (p. 44). On the subway, we made the scratcher invisible in plain sight. Were we embarrassed for ourselves by being uncomfortable in the car with him or were we embarrassed for him and his uncomfortable situation? Have you ever found yourself sharing space with an invisible man?

Lionel's Language

Lionel's Tourette's Syndrome mainly manifests itself as a series of verbal tics. It runs the gamut from playing with words ["I'mafrayedknot." (p. 33)] to revealing private thoughts ["Talk to me about fool-me-softly—Fujisaki." (p. 232)] to searching for his own identity ["Lyrical Eggdog! Logical Assnog!" (p. 104)]. Since Lionel is the narrator, we also have an added peek at his internal monologue, well, dialogue, really. At times it almost seems as if there are two narrators: Lionel and Lionel's Tourette's brain. What did you think about Lionel's use of language? As you read, were you impressed mostly by Lionel and Lionel's Tourette's or did you hear Lethem's voice come through?

The Detective Novel

Clearly, Motherless Brooklyn tips its hat to the classic detective novel with a nod to wiseguy escapades. As I read, though, I found the actual whodunit to be the least interesting aspect of the story. Frank Minna, Lionel's savior and coiner of the book's title, was an important enough character, to Lionel at least, to drive the plot. However, I didn't care who killed him or why. I was much more interested in the process of solving the crime than the crime's solution. In particular, I loved how Lethem worked in metacognitive observations about being in a detective novel. Early on, Frank tells Coney, "'What's with piece? Say gun, Gilbert'" (p. 8). Later during Lionel's investigation, he hopes a group of heavies would "recall the protocol from crime movies" and describes one of them as being "schooled enough in the clichés to be manipulable" (p. 149). What did you think of the detective story? Was it what you focused on as you read the novel?

Related Links

Jonathan Lethem's web site

Salon's review from September 1999

IMDB Page for Motherless Brooklyn (2007) written, directed, and produced by and starring Edward Norton

Tourette Syndrome Association

HBO documentary I have Tourette's But Tourette's Doesn't Have Me



comments

okay, this is a quickie given that i should be in bed so that i may wake up in time for my 9:30 a.m. class tomorrow morning, or later in the day today.

i liked MB. i can't even really say why i liked it. i was interested in reading it because i'd read a few of the short stories in JL's MEN AND CARTOONS and i liked the subtle humor and plot twists in them.

when i started reading MB, it was exciting. it was a little surprising that it started out with the steakout and then it switched to Lionel's teenagehood. somewhere along the story, it got slow for me and i was reading it because i was forcing myself to read it, but at the same time i wasn't. like mary, i was more interested about the process that Lionel went through in finding Mina's killer than who the real killer was. and how can i forget? i was VERY interested in finding more about Jerry...at least i think that was mina's brother's name. see, when i tried reading this the second time around, i couldn't quite go through with it. i'm not sure why, but it just dragged.

anyway, another element that i loved was the use of Zen in the novel. i especially liked how Zen seemed to sort of ease Lionel.

something that i loved about MB was Lionel's word ticks. i really liked how a word would turn into another turn into another and then another, like those games you sometimes play where you start with one word and you have to change one letter at a time, forming a different word, until all the letters are completely different and you have a completely different word.

i really liked this book, but i'm not sure why. i'll come back later to address the questions above.

--a friend of mine who read MB felt like Lionel was faking his tourette's.--

I found this book really funny . . . laugh out loud funny. I guess it's because I really love words and word play. I loved the way Lionel would blurt out seeming non-sequeters, but if you really looked at them, you could see the connections. I think Letham's use of tourette's syndrome idiosyncracies was really brilliant. It enabled him to put a really unique spin on the detective novel.

You asked if anything really surprised me in the novel. The hookup with Kimmery surprised me, although I don't know why . . . it's pretty typical to have a "love interest" (if you will) in a detective novel. I guess maybe it was because of the way they met. She seemed so serious and intent on trying to do the zen thing that I guess I would have thought she was celebate.

It surprised me that it was Minna's brother who was running the zendo and had Minna killed. I guess I was expecting a connection to "Garden State Bricco and Stuckface" (Matricardi and Rockaforte) because they were such obvious "bad guys."

I think probably anyone who has spent any time on mass trasit in a city has encountered the "invisible man" you talked about. I guess I feel that people react (or should I say don't react) to that kind of behavior is because it makes us uncomfortable. It's "abnormal", so we don't want to acknowledge it. That's really kind of sad in a way, but that's what I think.

I never really felt the imposition of the author in the narrative. I agree that it was almost like an internal dialog at times. But remember the part where Lionel says he "relate(s) everything to my Tourette's"? He talks about how it creates a "meta-Tourettes" (I'm sorry, I can't find the page right now). That's what makes the character so rich I think, and thus raises the book to a higher level than the usual detective novel.

The detective story was not what I focused on as I read the book. In general I prefer books that are character driven to ones that are driven by plot or setting, etc., so I enjoyed this book tremendously because the characters were interesting. I cared what happened to Lionel. He was a sympathetic character. Minna was interesting at times too (I especially liked that part where Minna said he liked big-chested women because "a woman has to have a certain amount of muffling . . . otherwise, you're right up against her naked soul."

Kind of an interesting thing for a man like Minna to say. A man who completely made over his wife, if we believe what Julia says towards the end of the novel. If what she says is true, Minna doesn't seem like a man who would even consider a woman's naked soul.

You know how Minna (and all the other guys in the group) call him "freak show"? It's as if because Lionel acts strangely, they think he is stupid . . . and he's anything but. It is Lionel who solves the case of who killed Minna, and it's because he is the smartest of the guys from St. Vincent's.

One of my favorite parts of the book was the dialog between Lionel and the cop. I was reading that late at night in bed and laughing hard enough that I woke my husband up.

Now please allow me to throw in a question. The title of the book . . . Motherless Brooklyn. I understand the Motherless part, since all the guys came from St Vincent's (and even how Minna's mother acted toward him). But why Motherless Brooklyn? Surely there is more reason for this than merely the setting of the book, and I'm not sure what that more is.

i've finally found some time to sit here and write down some ideas:

--i expected MB to be funnier. i think that i became too engrossed with lionel and what was going on with him that some of the obvious humor went over my head, although i did think that the dialogue that Char mentions between lionel and the cop were funny. i wish there would've been more interaction between both of them. their conversations really drew me in.

--i think that anyone who rides public transportation (which i do a lot of) has witnessed the "invisible man." from my experience, i think that it's not that people ignore this person completely, well some really do. from my part, i tend to acknowledge this person. i don't ignore them. i just treat them like i would any other train rider--no need to look at them unless i were to address them for whatever reason. but i do think that in those times when we make this person invisible, it is because we feel that if we give them any attention, then we acknowledge that they aren't "normal" and that would be worse than if we completely ignored them.

lionel's tourette's didn't bother me. unlike the friend that i mentioned, i never felt that it was fake, but i did go into the book thinking that tourette's was much more intense than lionel. as far as hearing lethem's voice, i'm not sure. it's kinda hard to tell because lethem's stories range widely in terms to charaacters and stories.

lionel's hookup with kimmery was something to look forward to. i didn't expect her to be the kind of girl that she turned out to be, much less get back with her boyfriend at the end. kimmery had the same effect on lionel that zen did. at one point i thought that she would hop along with lionel and get involved in the investigation.

i wasn't surprised that jerry (?) had minna killed. i have to mention this, everytime jerry came up in the story, i kept having steven segal flashbacks! lol

other than lionel, i felt a lot of sympathy towards coney. i think that he was the only one that connected with and understood lionel.

oh, another point. it was interesting that the cop always treated lionel like a regular guy, like his tourette's was fake. i wonder why he thought that.


so...is edward norton playing lionel? i don't think he fits his description...and besides, i can't see norton in anything else other than fight club...he's typecast in my brain.

Very quickly...

I had nearly the same reaction as Ana during my second attempt at reading MB. The first time, I really enjoyed it. When I tried to reread it for this discussion, though, it dragged. Really dragged. And again like Ana, I didn't manage to finish it the second time. My suspicion is that it was new and interesting the first time. If the mystery had been more engrossing, I might have made it through the second read.

Char mentioned Lionel and Kimmery's hookup, which I thought was a surprise and also not a surprise. True, it's common to find a love interest in a detective story. But I didn't think Lionel would get any simply because of his Tourette's. Maybe that idea shows me to be a bigoted, shallow person, but I taught special ed last year and saw a lot of heartache for those kids. Then again, Kimmery's interest in Lionel wasn't surprising considering that she's all into the Zen thing. I'd expect someone like her to be attracted to things that are outside the norm.

The Lionel/Kimmery affair is a good example of one of the times I heard Lethem's voice in the book. When she reaches into his pants, she makes a comment about his size. Isn't that just like a man? In my experience, I've never been so overwhelmed by a lover's manliness that I felt compelled to say something about it. (Well, maybe one time, but I kept the shock to myself.) As a matter of fact, more than once I've had to say something like, "Your penis is fine," in order to provide reassurance and soothe feelings of inadequacy. Thank you, Lethem, for letting us know that your main character is hung like a crushed beer can.

As for Char's question about the title, it was clear to me that Lionel and Frank (and probably also Lethem) have special feelings about Brooklyn. I had wanted to comment on it in my original post, but I ran out of time to write. Throughout the book, Lionel talks as if it were another character when he describes its neighborhoods and streets and denizens. I used to work in Brooklyn and have seen some of the things he mentions, but I wonder if someone who's never been there can relate.

Oh, I almost forgot Ed Norton. Although there isn't a lot of information about the movie on IMDB yet, I had to mention it. He will be playing Lionel and it seems like MB is a pet project for him since he's doing everything except hold the camera. Did you see Primal Fear? I bet Norton will really bring Lionel to life.

i didn't pay attention to that detail when Kimmery makes a comment about lionel's size. i agree, i think men are very self conscious about that, in the same manner that we are with our breasts and our butts.

i wasn't sure either about the meaning behind the Brooklyn. mary, your explanation is fine for me--fills my curiousity.

i was just looking over some of my notes and i realized that i only jotted down 4 since i started taking notes the second time around...you can imagine why i didn't have more than 4 notes...anyway, i jotted down the question, "is MB about a man with tourette's, emphasizing the tourette's, or is it about LIonel becoming someone of his own?" what that means, i'm not sure. but at the end of it, i continued with, "his tourette's serves as a catalyst." i think what i meant was that i felt like his tourette's was the catalyst that allowed lionel to become his own person for once.

i don't know if that makes any sense.

so what about the rama-lama-ding-dong?

I think the main thing about the book was Lionel coming into his own . . . becoming his own man. And what does that mean? I guess I think it means accepting oneself . . . shortcomings and all. And I think he did that by the end. Imagine growing up like that . . . you're an orphan (I could see myself doing what he did - calling people with his last name and then not saying anything - when I was a girl, if I had been an orphan). You have tourettes which calls everyone's attention to you (as a kid, that's the last thing I would have wanted). The people that are closest to you call you "freakshow". That's pretty tough. I wouldn't call this a "coming of age" story, but Lionel learning self acceptance was certainly a central theme, I think. And the tourette's syndrome was certainly a catalyst for that.

And the rama-lama-ding-dong? Did Julia continue her affair with Jerry after she married Minna? I don't know . . . that's what I thought it meant.

And it makes sense to me what you said, Mary, about Brookly being like another character in the novel. When I read that post, it rang true for me.

Oh, and I forgot . . . Mary, I guess that was why it surprised me that Kimmery and Lionel hooked up. Like you, I guess I didn't think Lionel would "get any" because of his tourette's. Nobody took Lionel seriously for the greater part of this book, and that was also because of his tourette's. I don't think that was at all bigotted to say . . . I think it's realistic. It's sad . . . but realistic.

And you know how when they were together having sex, it calmed his tourette's? I saw something on tv once about a surgeon who had tourette's. He had constant physical tics . . . except when he was performing surgery. His level of concentration was so high when he was operating that he wouldn't tic, but as soon as he was done, he would start all the stuff like Lionel's shoulder touching, etc.

I agree that the book is mainly about Lionel coming into his own, but I’m not convinced that his Tourette’s is the catalyst. Instead, I’m leaning more toward Frank’s murder. Frank is responsible for getting Lionel out of the orphanage’s library and for turning him into a Minna Man. Lionel’s Tourette’s helped since Frank liked having him around during meetings because of the way his tics unnerved the clients. It also helped by making everyone assume he was stupid. But, Frank was the one who made him part of a crew and it was Frank’s death that forced Lionel to become his own man.

“When the younger brother and the girl were away from the retreat center they’d refer to the older brother as ‘Rama-lama-ding-dong.’ Before too long they even began to call him that to his face” (p. 289). It’s a nickname and an insult. Early on, when Gerard mentions Frank losing control and missing her rama-lama-ding-dong, I think he was simply talking about himself in the third person and referring to the old insult since he knew Frank was about to be killed.


okay, yea, that makes more sense that what i proposed, about the catalyst being frank.

 

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