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December 15, 2006

Reading By Example

Although I've had a lot of jobs, the three I've held the longest sort of define a career path within education. I spent eight years at an educational publisher attempting to hawk English-learning books in foreign countries. Within the same corporation, I transferred to a dotcom targeted at college students. Of course, that bomb no longer exists, but I am sure that if it did I'd still be sitting in my Aeron chair looking at the Chicago River through floor-to-ceiling windows. (By the way, I'm in that Aeron chair right now since I negotiated for it as part of the severance package. The current view is of my neighbor's yard in a decrepit New Jersey town.) Most recently, I spent four years teaching third and fourth grade in way, way upper Manhattan.

Teaching is hard. It's a lot of work for little immediate gratification from a mostly disinterested audience. Luckily, I had two things on my side. The kids thought I was funny when I was in a good mood and scarier than their scariest nightmares when something interfered with that good mood. I could turn it on and off like a light switch, and the kids would scramble—to get their work done or to peer pressure the naughty into good behavior—whenever they found themselves in the dark. As a result, I didn't have too many distractions from my teaching.

There were a lot of things I could have done better, but the one subject I knew I taught well was reading. I am, after all, a reader and I think I'm pretty good at it. Obviously, I also love to talk about books. As a result, my approach to teaching it was practice and discussion. During each lesson, I'd read a short passage with a focus on a particular item (like character or metaphor), they'd talk about it briefly with a partner, and then we'd discuss it as a group. Reading time was spent practicing what they just learned. Each student had a reading partner, and they were encouraged to talk quietly as long as the object was better understanding of the lesson. Homework was more of the same, but practiced individually.

This teaching model was standard for the entire school, but worked better in classrooms with the best discipline. It worked particularly well for me because I only needed a glance to send a kid, quivering, from Daydreamland to Superstudentistan. Yet, discipline was only a small part of the equation.

I think I was a successful reading teacher because I led by example. The kids were required to keep reading logs to track their progress, so I kept one as well. Parents and teachers signed off on theirs, and I let them sign off on mine. They would freak out seeing how many books and pages I read each day, not realizing that my six-hour train commute allowed for lots of reading time. I also read nearly every book in my classroom, which is why you won't get a Best of 2006 list from me. My reading log is obnoxiously heavy with Lemony Snicket, Artemis Fowl, and Judy Blume.

Even the worst-behaved students want to please the teacher. They wanted their reading logs to look like mine, but volume wasn't the only goal. Reading the same books gave us common ground. We were able to laugh about why ASOUE: The Vile Village was funny or explore feelings and motivation in Blubber. Being an infamous international criminal mastermind should not be a career goal, but we freely spoke about the irony in admiring a bad but charismatic character like Artemis Fowl. Roald Dahl taught us how to mourn without wallowing in self-pity and Morning Girl gave us some understanding of the TaĆ­no on the eve of Columbus's arrival.

Trust me, this was all heavy stuff for fourth graders. Especially fourth graders who were, on the whole, below reading level and living in an inner city environment that competed for their attention. On the surface, it seemed like the books we read weren't relevant to their world, but the things we discussed, like feelings or mourning, most definitely were. Their progress was amazing and firmly solidified my disgust at people who say city kids can't learn or malign teachers at public schools. They don't know what they're talking about.



comments

How is it, then, that somewhere between elementary and high school these very kids who once enjoyed learning suddenly loathe it? I teach high school English and I'm teaching to an incredibly disinterested audience. It's frustrating fighting with kids to read an awesome book like "To Kill a Mockingbird" and enjoy it. It's also problematic trying to get kids to read a book that challenging. Period. Unfortunately, the kids I work with are all reading below the appropriate level.

I don't know. The kids I taught were aged 7-10, and they're still pretty malleable at that point. Something awful must happen when their hormones begin to kick in during middle school.

Do you have to teach To Kill a Mockingbird? I loved it, but I read it when I was an adult and already understood something about civil rights and racism. I'm sure the prose is too dense for low-level readers, and, frankly, I'd even go as far as to say that some themes might be too much for on-level students.

Have you ever asked your students what they read outside of school? Maybe some curriculum-based lessons could be adapted from stuff they like and might choose for themselves?

The problem is that the kids don't read at all outside of school. I don't know if it's a cultural thing (I teach mostly Latino and Black students) or an SES thing or both, but my students generally don't come from print rich environments. When I told some kids that if they wanted a brand new book instead of the older one with slightly ragged edges the school provides, they could always buy one. One of them asked me where he could buy a book. He literally had no clue where an individual went to buy books. It's mind-boggling and quite sad.
Now, I'm not blaming middle school teachers for this apathy, but something must have happened somewhere. I believe even research states that children learn to read and can become active readers in elementary school but middle school, many of them, especially boys, become disinterested. What's even sadder is that these kids see no point in reading books. They understand that one needs to know how to read in order to get jobs and whatnot, but actually reading a book is purposeless for them. As one of my students mentioned, he could just watch the Discovery Channel to learn.

I give you a lot of credit for teaching high school. After my four years, I know I'd never be able to handle kids above the 6th grade. By that point, they're getting physically bigger and have figured out that they don't really have to put up with crap from the teacher. I dish out a lot of crap, so I'm sure I'd get jumped every day after school.

I'm not sure middle school teachers are wholly apathetic. They face circumstances that are much different than I did or you do. One reason, I think, that kids become disinterested after middle school is the nature of what's taught. Up until fourth grade, kids learn how to read. At that point, school changes and they're expected to read in order to learn. If they aren't completely up to grade reading level by the time they leave elementary school, how can they be expected to maintain any enthusiasm for reading to learn? And not reading at grade level ruins everything else for these kids: science, math, history, etc.

Hmmm...this is an interesting topic. I can definitely relate to it, but in a different way. It's been 5 years since I graduated from highschool. Even now as a fifth year college student, I encounter people my same age who don't care for reading at all.

Firstly, I don't konw that reading is really a cultural thing at all, as in a "latino" culture or a "black" culture. Up until the 8th grade, I went to predominantly black schools because of the magnet art program and the second majority, which were not even half the school population, were hispanic. I remember in elementary school, there were school-wide programs designed to motivate kids to read, the winner getting coupons for Hot Wheels (the most popular skating center at the time) or other fun things. I specifically remember this wheel of coupons called The Winner's Circle. Even community libraries had reading programs for the elementary-aged child. The children's area in school and community libraries were always the most attractively decorated.

In middle school, those programs were gone, even in the community libraries. I think part of what happens in the transition period between elementary school and highschool is a disinterest from the general community for middle school-aged kids, at least from my experience. It was the time when school started to feel like a chore. This was also the time when boys start getting into sports seriously: Junior Varsity and Varsity football teams in middle school (?!). Girls get into cheerleading or being flagettes, or both genders being part of the marching band. I'm not saying that sports take away from reading, although it definitely can, but I remember sports being pushed heavily in middle school. Personally, I didn't have time for sports because being a magnet art student left no time for sports and the curriculum did not include any sports at all. I don't remember any of my english courses requiring any books for the semester. I do recall that those kids who engaged in voluntary reading were usually the kids in the arts programs, even if it was juvenile fiction, like Goosebumps (gosh, I still remember the theme song for the tv program). I clearly remember these two girls, Haitian, who would never put down a Goosebumps book! It was mostly the non-magnet kids that didn't care for reading, although there always are exceptions.

Also, I grew up at a time when video game consoles were beginning to get good: Sega, Super Nintendo. Lots of boys spent their time playing video games, if not doing other mischievious things, like drinking beer with your brother because he was way older and totally cool with you hanging out with him. Even kids whose families were economically unable, their parents could somehow afford video game consoles.

In highschool, the ethnic populations changed. I went to an arts highschool (like Fame, yeah, lame comparison, lol) that was predominantly white, although at least half of the population was a mixed group of ethnicities. Also, there was an economic difference. Where as my elementary and middle schools were in the poor cities in the county, my highschool was in downtown (miami), and more than half of the students came from an upper middle class, if not upper class, period (These were kids driving Benz' and Beamers to school because they didn't want to have to take the train there). I remember it being mostly the girls who engaged in reading (as always, heheh) and the guys were nonchalant about it. Even in an arts school, half the population were apathetic towards books, although there were a few avid comic books readers. I don't recall a marked difference between white and non-white readers and non-readers. This was a little difficult to distinguish because there lots of "white-hispanics" that didn't necessarily identify as hispanic; the "latino" culture wasn't a part of their lives for the most part.

There were no sports in my highschool, so that definitely did not interfere with reading at all. So for a lot of kids, the time spent outside of school was spent rehearsing or painting. I'm not saying that everyone only cared for the arts. I remember lots of kids traveled abroad with their families. Other kids were a little more average, spending their weekends playing basketball or baseball, or video games (the play stations started to come out). Also, this was the time when I began to see kids engage in heavy drug use.

My experience in college is a little difficult to relate. My first two years at community college, again, I was in an art program where I was kept in a specific group the entire two years, therefore I got to see little outside of the group. the group was ethnically mixed, the minority being white and it was also economically mixed. I think that within that group, less than half of us were readers. Because of the different backgrounds, there was a wide variety of interests outside of college matters. Extreme sports, drugs, drinking, looking for a relationship, religion, socializing, serious art-making, working to make money, surviving the ghetto and surviving the "ghetto."

Now I'm at a private University known for its sports program and its law and medical schools (the university has their own medical research facilities and hospitals that merged with the county's largest hospital district) in the middle of a rich city in Miami-Dade County where the majority of the student population is white (and from out of town), not to mention that at least 90% of the student population is upper class. I've never witnessed an environment of young people where reading books for pleasure is abset from every day life. The weird thing is that, from what I've observed, those who do read are non-white and middle class or lower. I remember I took a Modern American Lit my first year there and the majority of the students laughed and scoffed at our reading selections, and wonderful reading selections they were! It seemed to me as if they were out to prove the professor that literature (and indirectly, reading) was pointless. They treated each piece with sarcastic and smart-ass attitudes.

From the three years I've been there, my experience has been that those that engage in reading are also generally apathetic to life outside of pop culture. The general population seems to only care about dating, hollywood, partying (in Miami), making connections with glitzy-able personnas, dressing in the latest trends (even at the expense of looking like you have on a costume). The reader population is quitley tucked away and actually don't come out in the open too often, myself included.

Hmmm...I kinda lost the point I was trying to make, if there was one. I grew up reading. My father loves to read, he'll read anything from the classics to modern lit to cheap cowboy novellas to entertainment fiction, as long as he's always reading. My mother, on the other hand, has no interest in reading. Rarely does she pick up a magazine and once in a blue moon she'll engage in graphic novellas, but only because my dad brings them home. My sister reads when she remembers to. She usually reads from my collection. My brother cares less for reading, but if he does read, it's gotta be non-fiction, for he finds art pointless.

It's hard to pinpoint what it is that makes people want to read, really hard. Obviously, it's a combination of factors.

But back to the real topic of this post, I can't imagine how motivating children in this age to want to read, what with all the automatic entertainment out there, video games (seen the new Nintendo Wii???), cellphones, but I think mostly video games. I went to my boyfriend's dad's place recently, and one of his step nephews, who is in the 5th grade, was playing his Nintendo DS (like the gameboy) the entire time, when we weren't having dinner.

Well, I've written a lot for one post. Hope I didn't bore you with my school career chronicles. I've left out certain details. I don't even have a point, do I? I don't know if it's worth anything for the purpose of this topic, but it was a pleasure participating. And now I must depart for lunch.

Have a great day, girls!


Ana, I finally have had enough time to sit and read your entire comment. Of course you have a point! From looking over your educational history, it seems as though you have had a typical upbringing and that it happened after video games were found in nearly every home. Culturally, too, you've had experiences with Latinos, blacks, and whites. So what you're saying is that the love of reading (or lack of desire for it) is not necessarily an educational or cultural thing. Your dad probably had a lot of influence on you, though. Seeing him read probably rubbed off in some way.

My growing up experience included Catholic elementary school, a very tony prep school, and an academically respected private university. Despite my expensive education, my family wasn't rich. Our first home was a motel room, then a three-room apartment, and finally the top half of a duplex. By the time I graduated from college, we were mid-middle class but in outrageous debt. Everything was paid for with credit cards, personal loans, and bank loans.

For me, I think my love of reading comes from being introverted, not handling myself well in large groups, having little interest in sports, and lifelong emphasis on education. My sister is very different, but she also reads a lot and we often trade books. She's an extroverted talker, has lots of friends, and enjoys watching football with her fiance. Yet she grew up in the same house with the same educational philosophy, so maybe that's the key to reading.

How do we motivate kids to read these days? I'm not sure what the answer is, but I do know that example was what made my teaching it successful. Just last week, two of my former students called me (on three-way) and during conversation asked if I still read "all those big books." I'm glad they asked because it reassures me that I must have made some sort of impression.

 

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